APAC benchmark · 12 markets · 7 industries · November 2026
How long does your first US$100K enterprise deal take in a new Asia Pacific market?
Few companies publish their own number. So we put together what those that did have said, the newest buyer research, and the channels, rules and payment terms that set the pace in each market.
The short answer
12 to 18 months
from entering a market to a signed first enterprise contract of US$100K or more a year. Cash from that first contract arrives about 4.5 months after you invoice.
An estimate built from the sources in this article, not a measured average.
11 months
Average B2B buying journey in APAC. Worldwide it was 10.3 months in 2026.
Source 1, 2
92%
of the time the vendor that won was already on the buyer's first list. Vendors left off it win under 10%, says 6sense.
Source 2
26 people
in an APAC purchase on average: 15 inside the buyer and 11 outside it.
Source 3
15%
median win rate on deals above US$100K a year, in a dataset of 939 B2B software companies.
Source 4
Where the months go
Plan 12 to 18 months. The sales cycle is only one of four stages.
1 · Become known
Before any buyer is talking to you
2 to 4 months
2 · The buying journey
With you on the buyer's list
About 11 months in APAC
3 · Procurement and contract
Security review, legal, licences, partner
Weeks to 6 months
4 · Invoice to cash
Payment terms plus late payment
About 4.5 months
Months from entering the market. Stage 1, in gold, happens before any buyer is talking to you. Stages overlap.
Stage 1 · Become known
of wins went to a vendor already on the buyer's first list[2].
of Japanese buyers had finished their candidate list before contacting any vendor[5].
Stage 2 · The journey
average APAC IT buying cycle; 28% of APAC IT buyers say 12 months[6].
What changes once a deal is worth US$100K a year
15%
median win rate above US$100K a year
against 24% at US$10K to 50K and 31% below US$10K. Middle half of these deals: 90 to 180+ days of active selling[4].
10+
stakeholders on a won US$50K to 250K deal
typically, according to Gong[11]. Each one is a person who can slow the deal.
The win-rate and cycle figures come from a vendor's CRM dataset of B2B software companies worldwide, not an APAC study. No independent APAC study of deals above US$100K was found.
How we got 12 to 18 months. 2 to 4 months to become visible and reach first meetings (in our accounts, first meetings normally start in the middle of month two), plus an 11-month APAC buying journey[1], plus procurement that runs from weeks to six months. A client we took into Jakarta signed its first enterprise deal at month 15. It is an estimate built from the sources, not a measured average. The cost of getting it wrong: 30% of software companies' first expansions into a new country are still unprofitable two years after launch[13].
Public first deals
Few companies publish how long their first deal took. These did.
Months from arriving in the market to the milestone shown. Where the company did not state the interval, we computed it from two dated public sources.
AI support platform[14]
AI training data[15]
Workspace software[16]
Employee benefits software[17]
Enterprise deal in Jakarta
AI truck-loading robots[18]
Process mining[19]
Integration software[7]
The fast ones arrived with a route already built.
DevRev named three Japanese customers on the day its entity opened. Bifrost AI hired a Tokyo consultant its investor introduced, whose LinkedIn post drew the first customer. DeskMe went on a trade mission with a local consultant. The selling started before the arrival.
The slow ones needed proof the buyer could check.
Dexterity's project with Sagawa came through an investor partner with senior ties to the customer, as a ¥600 million proof of concept; prospective customers asked for ten years of maintenance[18]. Celonis took about three years to reach five ANZ customers[19]. References, partners and support promises take time to build.
“There were no widely referenceable Japanese enterprise case studies that prospects could point to.”
Zendesk Japan, about three years after entering the market[20]
“It's taking some time because the sales cycle with the banks is pretty long.”
Trusting Social, on Philippine banks, where deals pass risk, product, information security, legal and compliance[21]
“Making people understand what we do, how it can benefit them, in the initial year or two, it was a challenge.”
Juspay, on Singapore, after travelling there from 2023 and opening an entity in November 2024[22]
“Passing one enterprise security review, two hundred questions long, took six months.”
ThePlato, a Korean company selling in Japan[7]
12 markets at a glance
What slows a foreign vendor down, market by market.
The six markets we work in are marked in gold. On a phone, swipe the matrix sideways.
| Market | LinkedIn reach % of adults | English EF 2025 rank | Spam calls per person a month | Cold email the rule | Paid late by days, average | Withholding tax on royalties | Overall rank, 1 = easiest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singapore | 86.7%* | Official | 3 | B2B allowed | 66 (2026) | 10% | 1 |
| New Zealand | 80.2% | Native | 1 | B2B allowed | Not covered | 15% | 2 |
| Malaysia | 37.4% | #24 | 4 | Lawful basis | 67 | 10% | 3 |
| Australia | 84.7% | Native | 5 | Lawful basis | 68 | 30% | 4 |
| Hong Kong | 65.0% | #39 | 23 | Not researched | 74 | 4.95% | 5 |
| India | 16.4% | #74 | 8 | DPDP from 2027 | 56 | 20%+ | 6 |
| Philippines | 28.1% | #28 | 12 | Lawful basis | Not covered | 25% | 7 |
| Japan | 5.1% | #96 | Not covered | Opt-in, with exception | 46 | 20.42% | 8 |
| Vietnam | 13.5% | #64 | Not covered | Opt-in | Not covered | 10% | 9 |
| Indonesia | 18.3% | #80 | 16 | Lawful basis | Not covered | 20% | 10 |
| Thailand | 11.1% | #116 | 5 | Lawful basis | 78 | 15% | 11 |
| South Korea | 11.1% | #48 | Not covered | Opt-in | Not covered | 22% | 12 |
Shading ranks each market within its column. Overall rank is the average of the column ranks with data, equally weighted: a reading aid, not a forecast. Sources: LinkedIn ad reach[23] (*Singapore: share of total population); English[24]; spam calls, Apr to Jun 2025[25]; cold email[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]; payment delay[9][35] (Singapore: 2026 survey; others: 2024 figures, the newest published per market); withholding tax at domestic rates before treaty relief, including surtaxes in Japan, Korea and India[10].
Singapore, New Zealand, Malaysia and Australia rank easiest.
High LinkedIn reach, English in business, few spam calls and clear email rules. Australia's friction comes later: 30% withholding tax and 68 days of late payment.
Channels to switch on
LinkedIn leads in most markets. What runs beside it changes country by country.
Our read of the evidence, for senior enterprise buyers. Each cell carries the fact behind it.
| Market | Cold call | Messaging app | Events | Partners and marketplaces | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Australia | Lead 84.7% of adults | Lead Role-relevant only; a published address alone is not consent[26] | Support To confirm, not to open: 109.3M scam calls blocked Jan to Mar 2026[38] | Limited No evidence it is a work channel | Support | Support AWS Sydney and Melbourne; local co-sell[41] |
| New Zealand | Lead 80.2% of adults | Lead Deemed consent for a published address, if relevant to the role[27] | Support 1 spam call a month, the lowest measured | Limited No evidence it is a work channel | Support CIO Innovation Summit, Auckland (Aug) | Support AWS NZ region since Sep 2025[41] |
| Singapore | Lead 86.7% of population | Lead B2B messages sit outside the Do Not Call rules[28] | Limited 1.3M+ subscribers block overseas calls[42] | Support WhatsApp, once the buyer agrees | Lead | Support Regional partners; hyperscaler marketplaces |
| Malaysia | Lead 20 of 29 meetings began here in our SIEM programme | Support Lawful basis and unsubscribe; PDPA duties since Jun 2025[45] | Limited 2.5B suspected scam calls blocked, 2022 to mid-2026[46] | Lead To confirm and follow up: 22 of 29 meetings confirmed on WhatsApp. 56% of scam attempts arrive by messaging app, so not for a cold first message[47] | Support CyberSecMalaysia, KL (May)[48] | Lead Licensed partners for security services; AWS Malaysia region since Aug 2024[41] |
| Indonesia | Lead 14 of 20 meetings began here in one of our programmes | Support Legitimate interest allowed for direct marketing, with an unsubscribe[29] | Limited 79% of unknown calls in 2025 were spam or fraud[36] | Lead After the first meeting: 74% prefer WhatsApp for messages from companies, and 56% report spam on it[49] | Support Indonesia Digital Bank Summit, Jakarta (Jul)[50] | Lead At least 40% of government procurement must go to domestic firms; local-content rules[51] |
| Philippines | Lead 28.1% of adults | Support Legitimate-interest assessment needed; no soft opt-in[30] | Limited Scammers copy bank telemarketing; scam calls up 78% in Q3 2025[52] | Support Viber or WhatsApp after the meeting | Lead Manila executive summits: WFIS (Aug, 600+), CDO Summit (12 Nov 2026)[53] | Support Local partners for public tenders |
| Thailand | Support 11.1% of adults | Support Documented lawful basis; draft PDPA marketing guidance, Jul 2026[31] | Limited 39M scam calls in 2025, the most in Whoscall's Asian markets[54] | Support LINE after the meeting | Lead Money20/20 Asia, Bangkok, 27 to 29 Apr 2027, 5,000+[55] | Support AWS Thailand region since Jan 2025[41] |
| Vietnam | Support 13.5% of adults | Limited Express prior consent required for advertising email[32] | Limited Top five most spammed countries in 2025[36] | Support Zalo, once a relationship exists (79.6M monthly users)[56] | No data Not verified for this edition | Lead Local partner or distributor |
| Japan | Limited 5.1% of adults | Support Opt-in, except to organisations that publish their address[33] | No data No recent data | Limited Teams leads business chat tools; LINE WORKS 5 to 9% in two surveys[57] | Lead Japan IT Week, Tokyo, 7 to 9 Apr 2027[58] | Lead 73.6% of Japan's IT staff work at IT firms, so integrators carry deals[37] |
| South Korea | Limited 11.1% of adults | Limited Explicit prior consent required; no B2B exception in the text[34] | No data No recent data | Support KakaoTalk is the most used work tool[59] | No data Not verified for this edition | Lead Local partner or distributor |
| India | Support 16.4% of adults | Support DPDP duties apply from 2027[60] | Limited 731,000 notices to unregistered telemarketers in 2025[61] | Support WhatsApp, once the buyer agrees | Lead Global Fintech Fest, Mumbai (Sep), 100,000+[62] | Support AWS Hyderabad and Mumbai[41] |
| Hong Kong | Lead 65.0% of adults | No data Not researched for this edition | Limited 23 spam calls a month, the most measured[25] | Support WhatsApp, once the buyer agrees | Lead Hong Kong FinTech Week, Nov, 45,000+[63] | Support Regional partners |
Messaging apps continue a deal. They rarely start one.
In our Malaysian SIEM programme, 22 of 29 meetings were confirmed on WhatsApp. But 56% of scam attempts in Malaysia arrive by messaging app[47], so a first message from a stranger reads as one. In Japan, Teams leads business chat, not LINE[57].
Cold calls are the weakest first touch in Southeast Asia.
79% of unknown calls in Indonesia were spam or fraud in 2025[36]. Thailand logged 39 million scam calls[54]. In Singapore, 1.3 million subscribers block overseas calls[42]. Use the phone to confirm a meeting the buyer already knows about.
Cold email law splits the region three ways.
B2B email allowed: Singapore and New Zealand (published addresses). Lawful basis and an unsubscribe: Australia, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Japan for published addresses. Opt-in by law: South Korea and Vietnam.
Globally, 70% of IT spending went through partners in 2025[64], and partners are forecast to handle nearly 60% of cloud-marketplace sales by 2030[65].
7 industries
Who signs, what moves them, and what slows a US$100K deal, industry by industry.
Our estimate: months from entering a market to a first US$100K+ deal
Built from the evidence on each card below. Not a measured average.
E-commerce and digital retail
Our estimate: 6 to 12 monthsRestaurant and cafe chains
Our estimate: 6 to 12 monthsIT infrastructure
Our estimate: 9 to 15 monthsBanking
Our estimate: 15 to 24 monthsInsurance
Our estimate: 12 to 18 monthsManufacturing
Our estimate: 12 to 18 monthsTelecom
Our estimate: 12 to 24 monthsPublic APAC announcements rarely state how long a vendor selection took, and they can trail the work: Kopi Kenangan's SAP project was announced seven months after it went live. Release dates understate how long a first deal takes.
Rules calendar
Dated rules give buyers a reason to act now, and give foreign vendors new gates to clear.
Each rule below either opens a buying window or adds a check a vendor must pass. Gold chips are still to come.
Sources: Australia[79][93][94][95]; New Zealand[96][97]; Singapore[98][82]; Malaysia[45][99][78]; Indonesia[81][100]; Philippines[101][102]; Japan[103][104]; South Korea[105]; Vietnam[106]; India[60]; Hong Kong[107]. India's dates are given differently by different sources.
After the yes
What a US$100,000 invoice turns into, market by market.
Withholding tax comes off before the money reaches you, unless the contract or a tax treaty says otherwise. Then the invoice is paid late.
Withholding at domestic rates on royalties, before treaty relief; software fees are often treated as royalties[10]. Japan: 20% plus 2.1% surtax. South Korea: 20% plus local income tax. India: 20% plus surcharge and cess. Hong Kong: rate for unrelated payees. Payment data[9][35][108].
Government buyers pay fastest
5 days
Australian federal agencies, for e-invoices (20 days otherwise)[109]
5 business days
New Zealand agencies, 95% of e-invoices (10 otherwise)[110]
14 days
Malaysia's rule; Finance Ministry departments paid 97.42% within 7 days in Sep 2026[111]
30 days
Singapore government credit terms; about 99% of small invoices on time[112]
Six markets in depth
ANZ and Southeast Asia, one card each.
Spam calls: Apr to Jun 2025. Payment delay: 2024 unless marked. *Singapore LinkedIn reach is a share of total population.
New Zealand
The most open email rulesSingapore
Events and email open doorsMalaysia
LinkedIn opens, WhatsApp confirmsIndonesia
Slow first deal, faster secondPhilippines
English-speaking, hard to reach coldThe six-market sheet
The benchmark for ANZ and Southeast Asia on one page.
Built from the sources above and from the accounts we run. Forward it to whoever owns your APAC plan. On a phone, swipe sideways to see all six markets.
| Row | Australia | New Zealand | Singapore | Malaysia | Indonesia | Philippines |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Start with | LinkedIn, then role-relevant email | LinkedIn, then email to published addresses | LinkedIn, B2B email, events | LinkedIn, then WhatsApp | LinkedIn, then WhatsApp, in Bahasa | LinkedIn, then Manila summits |
| Avoid as a first touch | Cold calls | Nothing restricted beyond the rules | Calls from overseas numbers | Cold calls; cold WhatsApp | Cold calls; cold WhatsApp | Cold calls |
| Partner needed? | For government work | For government work | For licensed security services | For security services and tenders | For state-linked buyers | For government tenders |
| Next dated rule | 10 Dec 2026: automated decisions | 1 May 2026: IPP 3A (in force) | 31 Dec 2026: Cyber Trust mark | 30 Sep 2027: RMiT stand-in | 16 Jan 2027: GR 33/2026 | 31 Dec 2026: e-invoicing |
| Withholding tax on royalties | 30% | 15% | 10% | 10% | 20% | 25% |
| Paid late by | 68 days (2024) | Not covered | 66 days (2026) | 67 days (2024) | 36% of suppliers 30%+ overdue | Not covered |
| Government pays within | 5 days (e-invoices) | 5 business days (e-invoices) | 30 days | 14 days | Not found | Not found |
| Time to first deal, evidence | Celonis: 5 customers in about 3 years | No published figure | Juspay: 'the initial year or two' was hard | [XpandEast figure] | Our client: 15, then 9, then 8 months | Trusting Social: bank cycles 'pretty long' |
| Deal sizes in our accounts | [XpandEast figure] | [XpandEast figure] | [XpandEast figure] | US$25K to 100K+ a year | US$25K+ a year (one platform's floor) | [XpandEast figure] |
What to do with this
Six decisions, in the order they come up.
Pick the market by channel fit and the rule calendar
Choose where your buyers answer the channels you can run, and where a dated rule gives them a reason to act within 12 months.
Get on the list before buyers start
92% of wins go to a vendor already on the first list. Content, events and partner introductions in the market put you there.
Map the buying group
Plan for 15 people inside the buyer and 11 outside it. Ask early who signs, who sponsors and who can stop the deal.
Clear the gates
Licences, a local partner, certified hosting, the security questionnaire, a withholding-tax clause and the buyer's e-invoice steps.
Budget for about 4.5 months of cash
Terms plus late payment average 138 days in APAC. Agree the tax gross-up or the treaty paperwork before the first invoice.
Judge on leading signals
Meetings held, the buyer role that converts, opportunities opened, proposals requested. The second deal comes faster.
Get one live account like these every Tuesday.
The Tuesday Brief: the channel that reached the buyer, the message that got a reply, and the days to a first meeting, from accounts we run in Southeast Asia and ANZ. Two-minute read.
How we built this
Sources published from 2025 to November 2026 wherever a 2025 or 2026 edition exists; older sources are dated in the list. Where a figure comes from a press report of a study, the list says so. "Our accounts" and "XpandEast client" figures come from XpandEast engagements in Southeast Asia and ANZ, with client names removed. Industry ranges and the 12 to 18 month range are our estimates, built from the evidence shown. Laws and rates change: check the source before you sign a contract. This article is not legal or tax advice.
- [1] Green Hat (with 6sense), APAC B2B Buyer Journey 2025, 632 APAC B2B organisations, reported by Marketing-Interactive, 16 Oct 2025. marketing-interactive.com/what-cmos-need-to-know-about-the-apac-b2b-bu
- [2] 6sense, 2026 Buyer Experience Report (4,611 B2B buyers incl. APAC), press release, Business Wire, 2 Nov 2026. businesswire.com/news/home/20261102445967/en/
- [3] Forrester, The State of Business Buying in Asia Pacific, 2026 (8 Dec 2025); APAC buying-group figures as reported by Marketing-Interactive, 22 Jan 2026. marketing-interactive.com/apac-b2b-buyers-demand-localised-strategies-
- [4] Optifai, B2B SaaS win rate by deal size (vendor CRM dataset, 939 B2B SaaS companies, Q2 2025 to Q1 2026), updated 20 Apr 2026; and sales cycle length benchmark. optif.ai/learn/questions/b2b-saas-win-rate-by-deal-size/
- [5] Demand Generation Research Institute with IDEATECH, Japan B2B large-purchase process survey 2026, reported by MarkeZine, 14 Apr 2026. markezine.jp/article/detail/53098
- [6] Foundry, 2025 Role and Influence of the Technology Decision-Maker. resources.foundryco.com/hubfs/R-WP_Role+Influence_2025.pdf
- [7] Bloom, Becoming number one in global sales (Workato Korea; ThePlato in Japan), 25 Aug 2026. blog.bloomworld.ai/en/becoming-number-one-in-global-sales/
- [8] KPMG, Global Third-Party Risk Management Survey 2026, financial services and TMT reports. kpmg.com/kpmg-us/content/dam/kpmg/pdf/2026/global-tprm-survey-2026-rep
- [9] Coface, APAC Payment Survey 2026 (2,800 respondents, 10 markets), Singapore release, Sep 2026. fccsingapore.com/news/n/news/coface-apac-payment-survey-2026-twice-as-
- [10] PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries, Corporate withholding taxes, by country, reviewed 2026. taxsummaries.pwc.com/
- [11] Gong, When and how to multi-thread when selling to executives, 13 Feb 2026. gong.io/blog/when-and-how-to-multi-thread-when-selling-to-executives
- [12] Forrester, The State of Business Buying 2026, press release, 21 Jan 2026. forrester.com/press-newsroom/forrester-2026-the-state-of-business-buyi
- [13] Gartner, survey of 302 software providers on first-time geographic expansion, 10 Mar 2025. gartner.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2025-03-10-gartner-survey-finds
- [14] DevRev, DevRev, Inc. establishes Japan entity, 18 Oct 2025. devrev.ai/blog/devrev-establishes-japan-entity
- [15] Gradient Consulting, Bifrost AI case study (consultant's own page, undated). gradientconsult.com/case-studies/bifrostai
- [16] Interreg Central Baltic (FINESTJAPAN), Finnish SME reaching first deal in FINESTJAPAN project, updated 12 Jun 2026. centralbaltic.eu/project-news/finnish-sme-reaching-first-deal-in-fines
- [17] Asia AIM podcast, Ep 2, Shay Khosrowshahi, MD YuLife Japan (episode description). audible.com.au/podcast/Navigating-Japans-SaaS-Market-Localization-Part
- [18] Coral Capital, From Cap Table to Shop Floor: Dexterity's Japan Entry, 28 Sep 2026; Sumitomo Corporation release, 15 Dec 2023. coralcap.co/2026/09/dexterity-japan-entry/?lang=en
- [19] IT Brief Australia, Celonis expands ANZ footprint, 25 Oct 2024. itbrief.com.au/story/exclusive-celonis-expands-anz-footprint-with-bold
- [20] Coral Capital, Zendesk's Japan entry, 29 Jan 2026. coralcap.co/2026/01/zendesk-japan-entry/?lang=en
- [21] Manila Bulletin, Fintech firm targets top Philippine banks to deploy AI credit tech, 25 May 2026. mb.com.ph/2026/05/25/fintech-firm-targets-top-philippine-banks-to-depl
- [22] The Straits Times via The Star, Global fintech firms expanding in Singapore, 18 Jul 2025. thestar.com.my/aseanplus/aseanplus-news/2025/07/18/global-fintech-firm
- [23] DataReportal (Kepios, We Are Social, Meltwater), Digital 2026 country reports; LinkedIn ad reach based on registered members. datareportal.com/reports/digital-2026-australia
- [24] EF English Proficiency Index 2025 (123 countries), 19 Nov 2025. ef.com/wwen/epi/
- [25] Hiya, Global Call Threat Report Q2 2025 (Apr to Jun 2025). hiya.com/global-call-threat-report
- [26] ACMA, Spam: industry obligations. acma.gov.au/theACMA/spam-industry-obligations
- [27] NZ Department of Internal Affairs, Three steps to ensure you are not spamming. dia.govt.nz/Spam-Three-Steps
- [28] Singapore PDPC, Advisory Guidelines on the Do Not Call Provisions. pdpc.gov.sg/-/media/Files/PDPC/PDF-Files/Advisory-Guidelines/Advisory-
- [29] Lex Mundi Data Privacy Guide, Indonesia, updated 15 Aug 2025. lexmundi.com/guides/data-privacy-guide/jurisdictions/asia-pacific/indo
- [30] Baker McKenzie, Global Data and Cyber Handbook, Philippines: direct marketing. resourcehub.bakermckenzie.com/en/resources/global-data-and-cyber-handb
- [31] Tilleke and Gibbins, Thailand releases new draft PDPA guidance on lawful bases and marketing, 16 Jul 2026. tilleke.com/insights/thailand-releases-new-draft-pdpa-guidance-on-lawf
- [32] Tilleke and Gibbins, Vietnam's new Decree 91 sets out stricter anti-spam regulations. tilleke.com/insights/vietnams-new-decree-91-sets-out-stricter-anti-spa
- [33] Japan Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, the Act on Regulation of Transmission of Specified Electronic Mail. soumu.go.jp/main_sosiki/cybersecurity/kokumin/basic/legal/08/
- [34] Korea Network Act, Article 50 (text via korea.legal). korea.legal/wiki/%ec%a0%95%eb%b3%b4%ed%86%b5%ec%8b%a0%eb%a7%9d-%ec%9d%
- [35] Coface, Asia Corporate Payment Survey 2025 (published June 2025; figures for 2024). coface.ch/content/download/80699/file/202506%20-%20Payment%20survey%20
- [36] Truecaller, The ten most spammed countries in the world (2025 data), 5 May 2026. news.cision.com/truecaller-ab/r/the-machine-era-of-spam-calls--the-ten
- [37] IPA (Japan), IT workforce by employer type, Japan and US, 16 Mar 2023. ipa.go.jp/archive/press/2022/press20230316-2.html
- [38] ACMA, Action on scams, spam and telemarketing: January to March 2026. acma.gov.au/publications/2026-08/report/action-scams-spam-and-telemark
- [39] Gartner, IT Symposium/Xpo on the Gold Coast, 14 to 16 Sep 2026, press release, 28 Jul 2026. gartner.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2026-07-28-gartner-announces-it
- [40] AISA, CyberCon 2026, Melbourne. melbourne2026.cyberconference.com.au/about-cybercon
- [41] AWS, Regions and Availability Zones document history. docs.aws.amazon.com/global-infrastructure/latest/regions/doc-history.h
- [42] Singapore Ministry of Digital Development and Information, Anti-scam efforts, updated Nov 2026. mddi.gov.sg/other-pages/anti-scam-efforts/
- [43] Dealroom, Singapore FinTech Festival 2026 (18 to 20 Nov). dealroom.co/events/singapore-fintech-festival-2026/
- [44] Automation.com, ITAP returns in October 2026 ahead of full-scale 2027 edition, 18 Aug 2026. automation.com/article/industrial-transformation-asia-pacific-itap-ret
- [45] Halim Hong and Quek, PDPA Amendment Act 2024 final roundup, 28 May 2025; licensing of cyber security service providers. hhq.com.my/posts/full-implementation-of-the-personal-data-protection-a
- [46] The Sun via Newswav, 2.5 billion scam calls blocked, 190,429 lines terminated (parliamentary reply), 21 Jul 2026. newswav.com/article/2-5-billion-scam-calls-blocked-190-429-lines-termi
- [47] The Sun, Gogolook and GASA 2025 State of Scams in Malaysia survey. thesun.my/business-news/malaysians-think-they-can-outsmart-scammers-bu
- [48] CREST, CyberSecMalaysia Conference 2026 (19 to 20 May). crest-approved.org/event/cybersecmalaysia-conference-2026-19-to-20-may
- [49] Mobile Ecosystem Forum, MEF Consumer Survey 2026 (Indonesia). mobileecosystemforum.com/?p=223832
- [50] AFTECH, Indonesia Digital Bank Summit 2026. fintech.id/en/education-and-literacy/activity-agenda/6a103dc5af87614c3
- [51] VTV, Indonesia eases local content certification rules for small firms, May 2026. english.vtv.vn/news/indonesia-eases-local-content-certification-rules-
- [52] Manila Bulletin, Scam calls in Philippines surge 78% in Q3 2025, 14 Oct 2025. mb.com.ph/2025/10/14/scam-calls-in-philippines-surge-78-in-q3-2025-ant
- [53] Fintech News Philippines, Top 10 fintech events in the Philippines through 2026. fintechnews.ph/71206/events/top-10-fintech-events-in-the-philippines-t
- [54] Thai Newsroom, Thais hit by scam calls and SMS 173 million times in 2025 (Whoscall), 18 Mar 2026. thainewsroom.com/2026/03/18/thais-hit-by-scam-calls-and-sms-173-millio
- [55] Money20/20 Asia, Bangkok, 27 to 29 Apr 2027. asia.money2020.com/program/resources/money2020-asia-vs-sff-hkftw
- [56] Znews, Nearly 80 million monthly Zalo users in 2025, 29 Jan 2026. znews.vn/gan-80-trieu-nguoi-dung-zalo-moi-thang-trong-nam-2025-post162
- [57] BOXIL, business chat market share survey (1,629 people), Jun 2025. boxil.jp/mag/a3438/
- [58] RX Japan, Japan IT Week Spring 2027 (7 to 9 Apr 2027). japan-it.jp/spring/en-gb.html
- [59] Opensurvey, Work tool trends 2025 (2,400 Korean office workers), 20 Aug 2025. blog.opensurvey.co.kr/featured/ds-working-tool-2025-2/
- [60] Storyboard18, Government notifies final DPDP Rules with staggered rollout, 14 Nov 2025. storyboard18.com/digital/breaking-govt-notifies-final-dpdp-rules-sets-
- [61] MediaNama, TRAI issued 731,000 notices to unregistered telemarketers in 2025, 23 Feb 2026. medianama.com/2026/02/223-trai-issued-731000-notices-unregistered-tele
- [62] FintechBizNews, Global Fintech Fest 2026, Mumbai, 20 Aug 2026. fintechbiznews.com/fintech-technology/400-investors-5k-cos-70-countrie
- [63] InvestHK, Hong Kong FinTech Week x StartmeupHK 2026. hongkong-fintech.hk/en/events/events-2026/hong-kong-fintech-week-x-sta
- [64] Canalys, IT spending forecasts 2025. canalys.com/insights/it-spending-forecasts-2025
- [65] Omdia, Hyperscaler cloud marketplace sales to hit $163 billion by 2030, 6 Oct 2025. businesswire.com/news/home/20251006925215/en/Omdia-Hyperscaler-Cloud-M
- [66] Pulse, Country Road Group adopts Shopify for five brands, 13 May 2026. pulse.bot/ecommerce/news/country-road-group-adopts-shopify-unified-com
- [67] Bisnis.com, citing Momentum Works, Ecommerce in Southeast Asia 2026, 8 May 2026. teknologi.bisnis.com/read/20260508/266/1972413/shopee-kuasai-54-pasar-
- [68] Temasek, e-Conomy SEA 2025 report (Google, Temasek, Bain), 11 Nov 2025. temasek.com.sg/en/news-and-resources/news-room/news/2025/e-conomy-sea-
- [69] The Star / Bernama, Country enters fourth phase of e-invoicing, 2 Jan 2026. thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2026/01/02/country-enters-fourth
- [70] The Jakarta Post, Mixed reaction as Purbaya delays e-commerce tax, 16 Oct 2025. thejakartapost.com/business/2025/10/16/mixed-reaction-as-purbaya-delay
- [71] The Star, QSR Brands: achieving customer-first via digital transformation, 27 Dec 2024. thestar.com.my/starpicks/2024/12/27/qsr-brands-achieving-customer-firs
- [72] iTnews, KFC Australia operator Collins Foods eyes AI for margin improvements, 2 Jul 2026. itnews.com.au/news/kfc-australia-operator-collins-foods-eyes-ai-for-ma
- [73] Manila Bulletin, Jollibee 2026 capex guidance, 10 Mar 2026. mb.com.ph/2026/03/10/jollibee-eyeing-record-profits-in-2026-despite-sp
- [74] Uber Newsroom, Domino's and Uber Direct, 11 Mar 2025. uber.com/au/en/newsroom/dominosdirect
- [75] Kopi Kenangan RISE with SAP journey (Mastering SAP deck, 2024); IBM ASEAN newsroom, 14 Aug 2023. masteringsap.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Leading-The-Enterprise-Dig
- [76] Gartner via iTnews Asia, APAC IT spending stays resilient in 2026, 30 Apr 2026. itnews.asia/news/apac-it-spending-stays-resilient-in-2026-buoyed-by-da
- [77] New Straits Times, citing Knight Frank Data Centre Atlas 2026, 31 Aug 2026. nst.com.my/amp/business/economy/2026/08/1522642/johor-data-centre-boom
- [78] Bank Negara Malaysia, Risk Management in Technology (issued 25 Sep 2026, effective 28 Nov 2025). bnm.gov.my/documents/20124/938039/pd-rmit-sep26.pdf
- [79] APRA, Operational risk management (CPS 230), including the amendments finalised 30 Apr 2026. apra.gov.au/operational-risk-management
- [80] Bank Negara Malaysia, Outsourcing policy document (in force since 1 Jan 2019). islamicmarkets.com/publications/bank-negara-malaysia-policy-document-o
- [81] SSEK, OJK Regulation 1 of 2026 on IT governance for commercial banks, 9 Jul 2026. ssek.com/blog/indonesias-financial-services-authority-strengthens-the-
- [82] Baker McKenzie, MAS issues Guidelines on AI Risk Management, 20 Oct 2026. bakermckenzie.com/en/insight/publications/2026/10/singapore-mas-issues
- [83] Thought Machine, Judo Bank press release, 9 Sep 2024. thoughtmachine.net/press-releases/judo-bank
- [84] BusinessWorld, Pioneer Insurance selects Sapiens, Apr 2025. bworldonline.com/spotlight/2025/04/04/663966/pioneer-insurance-selects
- [85] IDX Channel, OJK rules on IT risk for non-bank financial firms (POJK 4/POJK.05/2021), 22 Mar 2021. idxchannel.com/economics/ojk-atur-mitigasi-risiko-dalam-pemanfaatan-it
- [86] Computer Weekly, Allianz PNB Life modernises insurance operations with cloud. computerweekly.com/news/366619174/Allianz-PNB-Life-modernises-insuranc
- [87] Paper World, APP Sinar Mas selects Tietoevry for MES. paper-world.com/en/newsdetail/app-sinar-mas-selects-tietoevry-for-digi
- [88] IDC, APAC ICT spending 2026, press release, 30 Mar 2026. idc.com/resource-center/press-releases/apac-ict-spending-2026-ai-inves
- [89] Malaysia New Industrial Master Plan 2030. nimp2030.gov.my/
- [90] XLSmart merger completion, 16 Apr 2025 (Wikipedia summary of company filings). en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XLSmart
- [91] Konektadong Pinoy Act: IRR released 1 Dec 2025, in force 17 Dec 2025 (Wikipedia summary). en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konektadong_Pinoy_Act
- [92] Pulse, Tune Talk adopts Mavenir cloud-native OSS/BSS, 24 Feb 2026. pulse.bot/telecom/news/tune-talk-picks-mavenir-to-build-aidriven-mobil
- [93] Australian Department of Finance, Updated CPRs coming into effect 17 November 2025. sellingtogov.finance.gov.au/latest-news/updated-cprs-coming-effect-17-
- [94] Australian Home Affairs, ransomware payment reporting factsheet. homeaffairs.gov.au/cyber-security-subsite/files/factsheet-ransomware-p
- [95] OAIC, transparency for use of AI and automated decision-making (from 10 Dec 2026). oaic.gov.au/news/media-centre/new-resources-on-transparency-for-use-of
- [96] NZ Government Procurement, Economic benefit to New Zealand (Rule 8), from 1 Dec 2025. procurement.govt.nz/government-procurement-framework/government-procur
- [97] Bell Gully, Preparing for IPP 3A (in force 1 May 2026), 25 Sep 2025. bellgully.com/insights/5th-edition-of-the-government-procurement-rules
- [98] Cyber Security Agency of Singapore, Cybersecurity (Amendment) Act provisions; CII owner standards, 2 Mar 2026. csa.gov.sg/news-events/press-releases/csa-to-raise-cybersecurity-stand
- [99] Malay Mail, Malaysia's National Cloud Computing Policy, 13 Aug 2025. malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2025/08/13/from-accident-response-to-crime
- [100] PwC Indonesia, Government Regulation 33 of 2026 on Personal Data Protection, 5 Oct 2026. pwc.com/id/en/pwc-publications/services-publications/digital-publicati
- [101] GMA News, BSP keeps June 2026 deadline for fraud management systems, 26 Jan 2026. gmanetwork.com/news/money/economy/974135/bsp-keeps-june-2026-deadline-
- [102] KPMG, Philippines e-invoicing compliance deadline extended, 20 Oct 2025. kpmg.com/us/en/taxnewsflash/news/2025/10/philippines-e-invoicing-compl
- [103] HLC, Japan's critical infrastructure cybersecurity regime: key provisions took effect on 1 Oct 2026. hlc.com/en/publications/japans-critical-infrastructure-cybersecurity-r
- [104] Japan National Tax Agency, qualified invoice system transitional measure (80% to 70% from 1 Oct 2026). nta.go.jp/taxes/shiraberu/zeimokubetsu/shohi/keigenzeiritsu/pdf/002600
- [105] Cooley, South Korea's AI Basic Act: overview and key takeaways, 27 Jan 2026. cooley.com/news/insight/2026/2026-01-27-south-koreas-ai-basic-act-over
- [106] Baker McKenzie, Vietnam artificial intelligence law, 24 Feb 2026. bakermckenzie.com/en/insight/publications/2026/02/vietnam-artificial-i
- [107] Kennedys, Hong Kong's critical infrastructure cybersecurity regime, 2026. kennedyslaw.com/en/thought-leadership/article/2026/hong-kongs-critical
- [108] Atradius, Payment Practices Barometer Asia 2026 (2,145 suppliers, 8 markets), 8 Jul 2026, with statistical appendix. atradius.de/newsroom/reports/b2b-payment-practices-trends-in-asia-2026
- [109] Australian Department of Finance, RMG 417 Supplier Pay On-Time or Pay Interest Policy. finance.gov.au/publications/resource-management-guides/supplier-pay-ti
- [110] NZ Government Procurement, Rule 36 Prompt payment times. procurement.govt.nz/principles-charter-and-rules/government-procuremen
- [111] Malaysia Ministry of Finance, bill payment performance of its departments, Sep 2026. mof.gov.my/portal/pdf/statistik/prestasi/2026/prestasi-pembayaran-bil-
- [112] Singapore Ministry of Finance, time taken for payment of invoices to government suppliers, 4 Mar 2024. mof.gov.sg/news-resources/newsroom/time-taken-for-payment-of-invoices-
- [113] Hosting Certification Framework, Government customers. hostingcertification.gov.au/node/13
- [114] LHDN, e-Invoice implementation timeline (self-billed e-invoices for imported services). hasil.gov.my/en/e-invoice/implementation-of-e-invoicing-in-malaysia/e-
- [115] Rajah and Tann, Presidential Regulation 46 of 2025 on public procurement; Baker McKenzie on GR 71/2019 data localisation for public bodies. rajahtannasia.com/?p=174035
- [116] One Asia Lawyers, New Government Procurement Act IRR (RA 12009), Apr 2025. oneasia.legal/en/wp-content/themes/standard_black_cmspro/img/Newslette